Contribution of public oral pathology services to the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil.

This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratories (OMPLs) in Brazilian public universities to the diagnosis of lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A cross-sectional study was performed using biopsy records from a consortium of sixteen public OMPLs from all regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South). Clinical and demographic data of patients diagnosed with lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCC between 2010 and 2019 were collected from the patients' histopathological records. Of the 120,010 oral and maxillofacial biopsies (2010-2019), 6.9% (8,321 cases) were diagnosed as lip (0.8%, 951 cases), oral cavity (4.9%, 5,971 cases), and oropharyngeal (1.2%, 1,399 cases) SCCs. Most cases were from Brazil's Southeast (64.5%), where six of the OMPLs analyzed are located. The predominant profile of patients with lip and oral cavity SCC was Caucasian men, with a mean age over 60 years, low schooling level, and a previous history of heavy tobacco consumption. In the oropharyngeal group, the majority were non-Caucasian men, with a mean age under 60 years, had a low education level, and were former/current tobacco and alcohol users. According to data from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, approximately 9.9% of the total lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCCs reported over the last decade in Brazil may have been diagnosed at the OMPLs included in the current study. Therefore, this data confirms the contribution of public OMPLs with respect to the important diagnostic support they provide to the oral healthcare services extended by the Brazilian Public Health System.

Contribution of public oral pathology services to the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratories (OMPLs) in Brazilian public universities to the diagnosis of lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A cross-sectional study was performed using biopsy records from a consortium of sixteen public OMPLs from all regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South). Clinical and demographic data of patients diagnosed with lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCC between 2010 and 2019 were collected from the patients' histopathological records. Of the 120,010 oral and maxillofacial biopsies (2010-2019), 6.9% (8,321 cases) were diagnosed as lip (0.8%, 951 cases), oral cavity (4.9%, 5,971 cases), and oropharyngeal (1.2%, 1,399 cases) SCCs. Most cases were from Brazil's Southeast (64.5%), where six of the OMPLs analyzed are located. The predominant profile of patients with lip and oral cavity SCC was Caucasian men, with a mean age over 60 years, low schooling level, and a previous history of heavy tobacco consumption. In the oropharyngeal group, the majority were non-Caucasian men, with a mean age under 60 years, had a low education level, and were former/current tobacco and alcohol users. According to data from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, approximately 9.9% of the total lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCCs reported over the last decade in Brazil may have been diagnosed at the OMPLs included in the current study. Therefore, this data confirms the contribution of public OMPLs with respect to the important diagnostic support they provide to the oral healthcare services extended by the Brazilian Public Health System.

Pericoronal follicles revealing unsuspected odontogenic cysts and inflammatory lesions: A retrospective microscopy study.

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of diseases related to pericoronal follicles, and assess the rate of concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses. METHODS: Histologically, we analyzed 1,298 tissue samples surrounding the crowns of teeth that were diagnosed clinically as pericoronal follicles. In addition, we determined associations among histopathological diagnosis, patients' age and sex, tissue site, presence of nests of odontogenic epithelium, presence of reduced enamel epithelium, and presence of diffuse inflammation. RESULTS: Odontogenic pathologies were present in 35% of the samples, and rate of concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses was 0.54. Probability of developing odontogenic pathologies was high in the mandibular molars (odds ratio: 2.13) and in the tissues with odontogenic epithelial remnants (odds ratio: 1.2), reduced enamel epithelium (odds ratio: 1.3), and diffuse inflammation. (odds ratio: 10.5). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study highlight the clinical relevance of histopathological examination of the pericoronal tissue in unerupted and partially erupted teeth for early diagnosis of pathologies because this study demonstrated the odontogenic cysts and inflammatory lesions in tissues clinically diagnosed as pericoronal follicles.

Does Surgical Fragmentation of Odontogenic Keratocystic Capsule Interfere With the Recurrence Rate?

PURPOSE: We hypothesized that fragmentation of the cystic capsule during surgery would influence the recurrence rate of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) regardless of the treatment modality chosen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed, in a retrospective study, cases diagnosed as OKCs on histopathologic examination at the oral pathology department between 1991 and 2013. Fragmentation data were obtained from the records of the oral surgical department. RESULTS: Fragmentation of the capsules of OKCs during surgery did not affect recurrence, irrespective of the chosen treatment modality. The addition of techniques such as cryotherapy lowered the risk of recurrence of OKCs (P = .013) compared with after enucleation alone. Furthermore, patients with associated nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome had a greater recurrence rate than that of those with no associated syndrome (P = .033). CONCLUSIONS: Fragmentation of the cystic capsule does not play an important role in the rate of OKC recurrence. The rate of recurrence can be modified by using additional strategies such as cryotherapy.

Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosis based on oral lesions.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a deep mycosis with primary lung manifestations that may present cutaneous and oral lesions. Oral lesions mimic other infectious diseases or even squamous cell carcinoma, clinically and microscopically. Sometimes, the dentist is the first to detect the disease, because lung lesions are asymptomatic, or even misdiagnosed. An unusual case of PCM with 5 months of evolution presenting pulmonary, oral, and cutaneous lesions that was diagnosed by the dentist based on oral lesions is presented and discussed.

Pigmented lesion with characteristics of malignancy: a case report.

Pigmentations of the oral mucosa include a range of lesions or conditions that manifest as changes in the color of oral tissues; these changes may show melanocytic activity. A melanotic macule is a small, well-circumscribed melanocytic benign lesion. It can occur on the lips and intraorally and ranges in color from brown to black. Microscopically, it is characterized by elevated levels of melanin production by basal melanocytes, which appear normal in terms of number, morphology, and distribution. A 48-year-old woman sought treatment for a pigmented lesion that had been present for 4 months. Intraoral examination revealed a non-homogenous brownish spot (measuring 0.7 cm) with irregular borders on the left side of the soft palate. Since the lesion had an atypical clinical appearance, melanocytic nevus, oral melanoacanthoma, and oral malignant melanoma were considered in differential diagnoses. After an incisional biopsy, the lesion was diagnosed as a melanotic macule. Due to their varying clinical appearance, benign pigmented lesions can be mistaken for malignant tumors, especially when the lesions exhibit similar coloration, symmetry, and borders. Through this report on a case with atypical clinical characteristics, we aim to reinforce the ubiquitous nature of oral pigmented lesions, and the importance of employing different approaches to diagnosing these lesions.

Odontogenic epithelium: immunolabeling of Ki-67, EGFR and survivin in pericoronal follicles, dentigerous cysts and keratocystic odontogenic tumors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological profile of odontogenic epithelium by immunolabeling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ki-67 and survivin in keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOT), dentigerous cysts (DC), and pericoronal follicles (PF). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 13 KOTs, 14 DCs and 9 PFs. Immunolabeling was analyzed in the basal and suprabasal layers of KOTs and DCs, and in the islands of odontogenic epithelium and/or reduced enamel epithelium of PFs. KOTs showed the highest proliferation rate among the three groups, mainly in suprabasal layers. EGFR immunolabeling was observed mainly in the cytoplasm in basal and suprabasal layers of KOTs and in the suprabasal layer of DCs. Immunolabeling in both membrane and cytoplasm was greater in PFs. In PFs, membrane-only staining was observed. Survivin immunolabeling showed a greater percentage of positive cells (scoring +++) in the suprabasal layer of KOTs. In DCs, both layers showed similar percentages of cells scoring +++; PFs showed the highest percentage of these cells. In KOTs, epithelial cells showed stimulus-independent neoplastic proliferative characteristics, suggesting the presence of a suprabasal proliferative compartment, maintained by inhibition of apoptosis. In DCs, the basal layer seemed to proliferate in response to stimulus. Although PFs showed low proliferative activity, the expression of EGFR indicates that some cells have a high capacity to respond to stimuli, which could probably explain the origin of odontogenic lesions.

Peripheral clear cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor affecting 2 sites: report of a case.

A case of clear cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) affecting 2 different extraosseous sites is described. A 43-year-old female patient presented with 2 gingival lesions (1 in the upper premolar and 1 in the lower incisor area), which were clinically diagnosed as inflammatory hyperplasia and surgically removed. Microscopically, both lesions were composed of polyhedral cells (some with clear cytoplasm); hyaline material and areas of calcification were also observed. The diagnostic hypotheses raised were clear cell variant of CEOT, hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma, and renal metastasis. The hyaline material was positive for Congo red, crystal violet, and Lugol's iodine stains, but negative for Coomassie blue; the clear cells showed positively stained granules with PAS stain. Based on these results, the conclusive diagnosis for both lesions was clear cell variant of CEOT. No evidence of recurrence was observed after 1 year of follow-up.

NF1 diagnosis criteria and associated sarcomatous tumor review of the literature and case report.

AIM: This paper reports the case of a sarcomatous tumor (probably a pleomorphic sarcoma) in a patient with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and discusses the association between these two diseases. BACKGROUND: NF1 is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome. Malignant transformation is observed in patients with this disease, usually in the form of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). REPORT: A 72-year-old female patient with diagnosis of NF1 presented with left mandibular region enlarged for about 6 months, intra-oral examination revealed a mass growth on the floor of the lower left posterior area of the oral cavity measuring 5 cm in its greatest diameter and covered by ulcerated mucosa. SUMMARY: Few cases of association of neurofibromatosis with other types of soft tissue sarcomas have been reported. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas are the most common of these tumors. We intend to call attention to the importance of patient follow-up and counseling.

Immunohistochemical analysis of the patterns of p53 and PCNA expression in odontogenic cystic lesions.

OBJECTIVE: the role of p53 expression in odontogenic lesions has not been fully determined, but has been associated with cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to analyze p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in 4 different odontogenic lesions. DESIGN: expression of p53 and PCNA was analyzed in radicular and dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and calcifying odontogenic cysts (Gorlin cysts) using monoclonal antibodies for detection of p53 and PCNA. RESULTS: PCNA expression was significantly greater in the basal layer of radicular cysts and in the suprabasal layer of odontogenic keratocysts; the percentage of p53 positive cells was significantly greater in the suprabasal layer of odontogenic keratocysts. CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of p53 and PCNA expression in dentigerous and radicular cysts were similar although the two lesions are of different origin. In odontogenic keratocysts and Gorlin cysts, results indicate a different pattern of tumor growth.